In LEVEL 1 , you have learnt the followings :
- GUITAR CONSTRUCTION
- BASIC THEORY
- HOW TO PLAY GUITAR
- SOME MAJOR SCALES FOR PRACTICE
- SOME EXTRA SCALES
- SOME EXTRA POSITIONS
- BASIC IDEA ON TIME VALUE OR TEMPO
There many scales and music pattern in the world. I also don't know all . But some basic and most popular scales are given below.
- SOME SCALES
- MAJOR SCALE
- MINOR SCALE ( 3 TYPES )
- BLUE SCALE
- JAZZ MINOR SCALE
- PENTATONIC SCALE
- HUNGARIAN MINOR
- WHOLE TONE SCALE
- WHOLE TONE-SEMITONE SCALE
- LOCRIAN SCALE
- LYDIAN SCALE
I have taken reference for some above scale . There are still many scale that can be added. But among those you can choose some most popular scales.I recommend not to neglect MAJOR AND MINOR SCALE .
1. MAJOR SCALE
Some major scales I have described in the LEVEL 1 page. Question is how to make a major scale.
Once you come to know , you can automatically make any scale if the scale is given to you. So let's see how to make a scale. The below mentioned rule is for any MAJOR SCALE.
HOW TO MAKE A SCALE
A major scale contains 8 note . The root note is the first note of the scale. It means for A Major Scale , the root note is A. Each note of a scale has a particular name. Those are as follows :-
Position
|
Root(1)
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
Name
|
TONIC
|
SUPER TONIC
|
MEDIANT
|
SUB-DOMINANT
|
DOMINANT
|
SUB-MEDIANT
|
LEADING NOTE
|
OCTAVE
|
Gaping
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
Name is indicating the 'Note' name of the particular position , while Gaping is the unit tone gap from a position to the next position.
- HOW CAN I MAKE A SCALE BY THE ABOVE RULE ?
Suppose a scale e.g. A major you want to make by the above rule. So 'A' is root note of that scale. Put A in 1st position. It is called TONIC . Gaping in 1st( Tonic ) position is 2 . So 2nd position , i.e. SUPER TONIC is two unit tone next to TONIC . Two unit tone next to A is B ( A# , B ) . In case of MEDIANT also , there are two tones gap. So two tone next to B is C and C#. Two tone gap next to B is C# . So MEDIANT is C# . As SUB-DOMINANT is 1 tone gap , the SUB-DOMINANT is D for 'A' major scale. By this way the rest notes are E , F# , G# , A .
I am sure that you should not have any problem to make B major scale. So try the followings :
MAJOR SCALE : A# , B , C# , D# , F# , G#
In 'LEVEL 1 ' you have seen the positions to play a major scales. However there are many other positions to play any scales. The previous positions of each major scales are called 'NUT' position. Because in each scale 'open note' has been used and the position is also on the top of the neck. Now some of the positions are chromatic. It means each scale is in a same manner but the position changes only. Please follow the below charts for better idea.
To come back from higher* G to lower* , follow from the last.
By that way you can play any scale. Positions are given below.
You can proceed it to an extra higher octave by taking the last note of the above scale as a root note just like the G major scale given above.
I am sure that you should not have any problem to make B major scale. So try the followings :
MAJOR SCALE : A# , B , C# , D# , F# , G#
- SOME EXTRA POSITIONS FOR MAJOR SCALES
In 'LEVEL 1 ' you have seen the positions to play a major scales. However there are many other positions to play any scales. The previous positions of each major scales are called 'NUT' position. Because in each scale 'open note' has been used and the position is also on the top of the neck. Now some of the positions are chromatic. It means each scale is in a same manner but the position changes only. Please follow the below charts for better idea.
SCALE : G MAJOR
Play two octave at a time
Note
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
String
|
6
|
6
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
4
|
4
|
Fret
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
4
|
5
|
Finger
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
No need to play the first column (black color) of below chart as it is the last column of above chart.
Note
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
String
|
4
|
3
|
3
|
3
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
Fret
|
5
|
2
|
4
|
5
|
3
|
5
|
2
|
3
|
Finger
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
2
|
4
|
1
|
2
|
To come back from higher* G to lower* , follow from the last.
*lower to higher - ascending
higher to lower - descending
Please Note : In case of 'A' major , just move the second finger from 3rd fret of 6th string to 5th fret. Start from this position. Finger position remains unchanged. For 'F' major scale move the second finger to 6th string 1st fret and start. It is nothing but a 'nut' position scale except the change of finger position .By that way you can play any scale. Positions are given below.
You can find any scale in any position . In major cases the scales are chromatic. Please try to find.
2. MINOR SCALE
The minor scales are of three types :-
- Relative Minor
- Harmonic Minor
- Melodic Minor
RELATIVE MINOR
All scale a has a rule based on major scale. To construct a Relative Minor scale the following rule is to follow :-
Major Scale
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
Relative
Minor
|
1
|
2
|
Flattened
3rd
|
4
|
5
|
Flattened
6th
|
Flattened
7th
|
8
|
Suppose a Major Scale 'A' major. So notes are : A , B , C# , D , E , F# , G# , A
The notes of the Relative Minor i.e. A minor : A , B , C , D , E , F , G , A
Because the flattened notes of C# , F# , G# are C , F , G as those are in 3rd , 6th and 7th position.
Some Relative Minor Scales are given below :
Scale
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
Bm
|
B
|
C#
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
Cm
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
G
|
Ab
|
Bb
|
C
|
Dm
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
A
|
Bb
|
C
|
D
|
Em
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
Fm
|
F
|
G
|
Ab
|
Bb
|
C
|
Db
|
Eb
|
F
|
Gm
|
G
|
A
|
Bb
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
G
|
Question : How to play a minor scale?
Answer : A minor scale also can be in some positions. I shall provide you a chromatic position but please find the other positions so that your idea can increase.
Question : Why it is called relative minor?
Answer : Notes of this scale often equals with major scale. Discussed later.
Question : Why it is called relative minor?
Answer : Notes of this scale often equals with major scale. Discussed later.
Here also I am using G minor scale as example.
Note
|
G
|
A
|
Bb
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
G
|
String
|
6
|
6
|
6
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
4
|
Fret
|
3
|
5
|
6
|
3
|
5
|
6
|
3
|
5
|
Finger
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
1
|
3
|
You can proceed it to an extra higher octave by taking the last note of the above scale as a root note just like the G major scale given above.
Once you habituate with two octave G minor scale , apply the same to other minor scales.
MAJOR SCALES AND THEIR RELATIVE MINORS
you have seen the notes of some major scales and also the notes of some relative minor scales. But it is to note that there is a similarity on between the notes of a major scale and notes of relative a minors. e.g. C major scale is combination of all natural notes and A minor scale is also made by all natural notes. So C is major scale and its relative minor is A minor. See the chart.
MAJOR SCALES
|
RELATIVE MINOR
|
REMARK
|
C
|
Am
|
ALL NATURAL
|
G
|
Em
|
F#
|
D
|
Bm
|
F# , C#
|
A
|
(F#)m
|
F# , C# , G#
|
E
|
(C#)m
|
F# , C# , G# , D#
|
B
|
(G#)m
|
F# , C# , G# , D# , A#
|
F#
|
(D#)m
|
F# , C# , G# , D# , A# , E#=F
|
C#
|
(A#)m
|
F# , C# , G# , D# , A# , E# , B#=C
|
F
|
Dm
|
Bb
|
Bb
|
Gm
|
Bb , Eb
|
Eb
|
Cm
|
Bb , Eb , Ab
|
Ab
|
Fm
|
Bb , Eb , Ab , Db
|
Db
|
(Bb)m
|
Bb , Eb , Ab , Db , Gb
|
Gb
|
(Eb)m
|
Bb , Eb , Ab , Db , Gb , Cb
|
HARMONIC MINOR
The rule is :
Major
Scale
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
Harmonic
Minor
|
1
|
2
|
Flattened
3rd
|
4
|
5
|
Flattened
6th
|
7
|
8
|
So the harmonic minors are :
Scale
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
Bm
|
B
|
C#
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
A#
|
B
|
Cm
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
G
|
Ab
|
B
|
C
|
Dm
|
D
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
A
|
Bb
|
C#
|
D
|
Em
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
D#
|
E
|
Fm
|
F
|
G
|
Ab
|
Bb
|
C
|
Db
|
E
|
F
|
Find the other harmonic minors . Do it yourself.
MELODIC MINOR
A melodic minor scale is quite different from the other minor scales. The notes of ascending and descending patterns are different. Consider a scale C major.
The notes of ascending order are [ C , D , E , F , G , A , B , C ]
The notes of descending order are [ C , B , A , G , F , E , D , C ]
But on case of a melodic minor the notes of the two patterns are not same. Because a melodic minor scale follows the different rule during ascending and descending order. The rules are given in the chart.
MAJOR
SCALE
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
MELODIC
(ASCEN..)
|
1
|
2
|
FLATTENED
3RD
|
4
|
5
|
6
|
7
|
8
|
MELODIC
(DESCEN.)
|
A SIMPLE RELATIVE MINOR SCALE IN DESCENDING ORDER
| |||||||
So 'A' melodic minor scale will be
- Ascending Order : [ A B C D E F# G# A]
- Descending Order : [ A G F E D C B A ]
FOR THE OTHER SCALES THE RULES ARE GIVEN BELOW. GET PLEASURE TO MAKE THE SCALES. YOU CAN COMPOSE ANY PIECE . BUT FOLLOW A PARTICULAR SCALE.
Many scale may contain more than eight notes. Here in the below chart
3. BLUE SCALE
BLUE
SCALE
|
R
|
2nd
|
Minor 3rd
|
3rd
|
4th
|
5th
|
6th
|
Minor 7th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C BULE)
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
E
|
F
|
G
|
A
|
Bb
|
B
|
C
|
Remember : There are 10 tones in a blue scale. The Minor 3rd and 7th is an extra addition with a major scale.
4. JAZZ MINOR SCALE
4. JAZZ MINOR SCALE
JAZZ MINOR
|
R
|
2nd
|
Flattened
3rd
|
4th
|
5th
|
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C JAZZ MINOR)
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
Remember : It is a eight tone scale just only a flattened 3rd comparing with a major scale.
5. PENTATONIC SCALE
PENTATONIC SCALE
|
R
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
4th
|
5th
|
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(CPENTATONIC)
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
G
|
A
|
C
|
Note : It is a five different note scale and often used as a run against a Major chord.
6. HUNGARIAN MINOR
HUNGARIAN
MINOR
|
R
|
2nd
|
Flattened
3rd
|
Sharpened
4th
|
5th
|
Flattened
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(CHUNGARIAN)
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F#
|
G
|
Ab
|
B
|
C
|
7. WHOLE TONE SCALE
WHOLE TONE SCALE
|
R
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Sharpened
4th
|
Sharpened
5th
|
Sharpened
6th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C )
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G#
|
A#
|
C
|
8. WHOLE TONE-SEMITONE SCALE
WHOLE TONE-SEMITONE
|
R
|
2nd
|
Flattened
3rd
|
4th
|
Sharpened
4th
|
Sharpened
5th
|
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C )
|
C
|
D
|
Eb
|
F
|
F#
|
G#
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
9. LOCRIAN SCALE
LOCRIAN SCALE
|
R
|
Flattened
2nd
|
Flattened
3rd
|
4th
|
Flattened
5th
|
Flattened
6th
|
Flattened
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C )
|
C
|
Db
|
Eb
|
F
|
Gb
|
Ab
|
Bb
|
C
|
10. LYDIAN SCALE
LYDIAN SCALE
|
R
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
Sharpened
4th
|
5th
|
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
EXAMPLE
(C )
|
C
|
D
|
E
|
F#
|
G
|
A
|
B
|
C
|
- SOME EXTRA POSITIONS
- IDEA ON TIME VALUE OR TEMPO
Actually it is tough to make you understand only by writing here. Yet some knowledge is better than having zero knowledge.
Suppose a digital clock is in front of you and you are clearly seeing the 'second pulse'.
Time counts : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 .. .. up to 59
We all know that the time interval in between two counts are equal. Now if you want to play a scale suppose C major with the same tempo of a clock it will be like this :-
Time Count / Note : 0/C 1/D 2/E 3/F 4/G 5/A 6/B 7/C
This means the time interval in between each two tone is same. No matter does whether the time interval equals with a clock's time interval or not. If the time interval decreases than the clock , the tempo increases. The beats are the instant when the clock is showing 0 or 1 or 2 etc. When you play guitar you left leg controls the beat.
You need to understand the followings :
- Crotchet : 1 count ( it means the time interval in between 1st and 2nd beat or 2nd and 3rd beat. But the interval in between each beat should be same. This is 1 count)
- Minim : 2 counts ( the time interval in between 1st and 3rd beat or 2nd and 4th beat)
- Semibreve : 4 counts
- Quaver : 1/2 counts
- Semi Quaver : 1/4 count
- Demi Semi Quaver : 1/8 count
- Bar : A bar is a combination of beats. All Music is divided into measures or BAR which mark the Rhythm and accent of the music. A Bar is denoted as '| content |'.
| C D E F | G A B C |
| C D | E F | G A | B C |
The both two cases are same if the tempo is same. Yet there is a difference in both two cases. This difference you can't identify if you play a scale in the very beginning. But the pattern is different.
Please note that :
- 2/4 means 2 Beats in each BAR i.e. | C D | E F | G A | B C |
- 3/4 means 3 Beats in each BAR
- 4/4 means 4 Beats in each BAR i.e. | C D E F | G A B C |
Without knowledge in Staff Notation , it is difficult to understand those clearly. A blog on Staff Notation and Chord may help you a lot.

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